analytical methods for nanomaterial characterization

in recent years, it has become evident that it is necessary to systematically and accurately define particle characteristics in order to understand the potential toxicity of nanoparticles to biological systems. the properties that need to be emphasized are size, shape, dispersion, doping, aggregation, functionalization, physical and chemical properties, surface area, and surface chemistry. route of exposure are oral, dermal, inhalation and injection. toxicity screening strategy; in vitro assays, in vivo assays and cell type are also an important parameter to consider while studying the toxicity of nanoparticles. these analytical methods used to check the toxicity require expensive equipment and sampling, which are time consuming. using the bacteria, as a biosensor, solves these problems. this method is sensitive, low-cost and easily reproducible and takes 5 to 30 minutes to predict toxicity. this review focuses to develop a synergy among different paradigm of nanomaterials characterization.